Seat roll construction



April 24, 1956 G. GERBER 2,742,958

SEAT ROLL CONSTRUCTION Filed May 23. 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet l gema e/rey/v @if d b @3L/W.,

April 24, 1956 G. l.. cai-:REER 2,742,958

SEAT ROLL CONSTRUCTION 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 23, 1950 April 24, 1956 l G. L GERBr-:R

SEAT ROLL CONSTRUCTION Filed May 23, 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 @MMM April 24, 1956 G'. GERBER SEAT ROLL CONSTRUCTION 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed May 23, 1950 United States Patent() SEAT ROLL;coNSTRCHONV George L. Gerber, Naperville, Ill., assigner -tolroehler ,Mfg. Co., Naperville, fIll.'a zcorporation A:nf .Illinois vThe vpresent invent-ion -relates tto upholsteredlfuriture and A.is y'concerned particularly *with structural -details of sea't spring assemblies :and ;production1ine Imethods .of processing and lassembling seat =edging -arnd Vtether seat spring details.

Various articles of v.par-lor furniture -having particular Ireference -tosofas, arm chairs, and the-like, areprovided with-fabric covered upholsteredsections infback fandsside arm portions -of the lprincipal furnituregpieces .and invaddition thesame ornamental afa-bric which 4.constitutes `4the 'predominant covering is frequently also employed .-for encasing a removable seat cushion .-or cushions. The latter'members .are predeterminedlydesigned` :to nestA be- -t-ween the side -arms of i parlor furniture .articles ,and Ato extend forward of a rear wall component undersuitably retentive conditions -so as .to assure that the ,cushions are maintainedfsubstantially in verticalalignmentwith the ier-ward edge. Conventionally.theabaselof such lparlor -furniture vrarticles are madeup ofiabr-ic encased A`framework :and are iilled =with.coordinate`lyialigned compression springs. These, in addition to yfthe fspringsr'wh-ich -aretcontained in the removable ,.seatscushions provide abundant resiliency andtcompressive actionlo fgive xAto -these furniture articlesithequality of yadequateQbody .con-` formation and comforting rest ...support I rIn* order to prevent the Yremovable.seat/cushions from Y creeping or otherwise working :out .of .their .nested .positio n,=as a'foredescribed, between the .furniture .articleside arms and back member, TJthe ibase ,springiassemblies A.are ,provided `with an anglingprotrusion or-.deninglip at .the-forward corner edge, whichtinitselis required .to '.possess f. ample resiliency and ,yet wsuicient .rigidity ,to Iserve 4as a retaining 'barrier. ,practice :is .deemed -necessary to retard creeping effects whichma y .otherwise impair the stability of.removab1e.seattctlshionsl '.It,is -the rformation-of ethis.1ip-1or edging .whichconstitutes .a principal subject of the ,present vinvention .since it l.concerns itself with` various :.-fundamental Kdepartures from rpriorwpractices in thesefregar'cls.

Seat `rolls or edging of .this class ,generallytspeaking 4has beenknown .and fwidely usedinallsforms o'f ,palor .and vehicle .seat constructions @particularly .where lremovable cushions are utilized fwliichlare to :besuperimposed overa primary.compressiblelbasefor affording deepfac- `ltion resiliency. The .prob1em. presentevd is one .of producing a padded edge rll which is able to withstand the rigors of severe and continuoususage as is"itsre l qirernerit under usual household utility conditions. JEndurance qualities of such structures 'are `te'ste' under'lb- -oratory conditions lby thrusting concentrated weights ranging ffrom between ."20`0 and i60'() poi1'11'ds "under 'a rvariety of "action :such :as Hownwar'd 'thrusts, .kneanng and overrlir'novemerits.

' The `"princ ipal spring .assembly Vinfthis `type "off Adevice 'is customarily Yma'de'up of arectangular clsterfof multi'pl'e .convolution cylindrical or hyperbolic coil springs 'or ''finverted conical "colfspri'ngs whose uppermostiand usually greatest -diamet`er terminating Vtionv'c'rlutions are ICC "broughtiinto-ilateral alignment with each otherfby edge to edge placement and coupling. Lateralfunifoimityf-is further `stabilized by `providing these spring assemblies `with perimetrically .secured :defining edge rwires which encompass all of the .abuttingoutermosteandfuppermost .convolutions tangentially `and which are .ffrequently i secured at their multiple points` of Atangency by :appropriate formsvof clamps or Avbinding devices.

Because unication of vthe 'spring :assembly necessitates .that the .fperimetricbinder of metal to 'be rather rm .and of but slight filexibilitysityis necessary vthat -the edge .roll construction :superimposed v'upon .or encompassing this wire, possess -.-.-adequate padding topi-.event ana-teria] interference with comfort. -Qn account of the `physical characteristics of this -wire,'as well as ftospreventV any undue abrasive wear upon the fabric to develop a ,padding is :provided whichv encompasses .the front ledge fof -the;,perimetric wire. VIt .is furtherfimportant .that the edge Y:roll -be produced within festa'blished cost limits as .indicated by jpriorart practices. Accordingly, the VIe'co- -nomics -which dominate redesigning of ,this furnitureA detail require that the labor and material costs-which enter .into the'fconstruction .total littlemore onpreferablyf-less than vthe costs essential .Lto .priortart vkpractices of :comparable-utility. Y

A principal object of the present invention therefore l-is 'one :of providing afseatf'roll :construction for .upholrstered :furniture vwhich lends -itself to '..pro'duction :line methods tof assembly f under xmanufacturing conditions 'fof comparablezeasesand'facility, which-require,lowfcosticomposition y'elements Ythat may be procured #in unlimited ,markets at costs kfavorable :to competitive .practiceafand @which may "be assembled with vexpenditures y'o'ftirne and laborless -than "the costs` sore'quired under other methods rof treatment.l Y

Anothenobject--of the present invention is A"to l'devise a seat roll construction ythe =buildin`gup and sub-assem- .'jbling of which -may be performed as a-comp`lete pre- Arliminaryy or bench "operations -funder specialized shopconf'diti'ons of assembly' line 'continuity as distinguished vfrom -other treating operations requiring non-homogeneous and mutually linterfering manufacturing operations to be 'perfformed contemporaneously.

Purther'objects of 'the presentinvention are such as will "become evident duringthe course of the `following detailedexplanation and such as will "be understood'from 'areading of'tli'e hereunto appended claims.

."Fora better understanding reference will now behad *toiheparticularizecl 'description following and by re'ference to the accompanying drawings, in "both tof which, like reference characters designate corresponding Parts throughout, andinwliih: l

Fig. yl is a perspective view of a fragmentary seatgroll .construction withcomponentpart-s spaced.- from. each other infexplodeddisplacement. v l

m2 is axtransverse sectional `viewsthrough :the yelements shownfimEigA. I.

,'Fig. 131=is-an ,enlarged :sectional :detail fview :showing the esame arrangement @of vetements in .tan 1advanceclv-conrditionfofsassembly. Y l aFig.- 4t-is ia' transverse sectional yviewl-similar @to f Fig. :3 vshowing affurther advanced condition -ofi assembly.

;:Eig.;:5 is fairagrnentary sectional viewtaken rappre imatelyonilinerS-Sfof'lig.`4. Y

Fig. 116 iis iaqerspective :view yof Y.the seat :fabric reubassembly for a parlor chair or similar anticlefofifurnimre =in=freadiness for application fito :the seat'fram'e land-:spring members. l

iFig. isy a@ transverse sectionaflview fo'f-Ja'staplingfrn'alin'ef'bench showing the 1 fabric lassenribly @thereon iin sa preliminary stage of securement to the coil spring framework.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged side elevational view of one of the conical spring coils of which the uppermost convolution is modified in accordance with certain features of the present invention. v

Fig. 9 is an inverted elevational detail view of a modified seat coil featuring its manner of staple securement to the fabric and securing strip assembly.

Fig. 10 is an enlarged detail sectional view taken approximately on line 10-10 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged detail sectional view taken approximately on line 11-11 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 12 is a side elevational view with portions illustrated in section revealing a furniture seat frame assembly in readines for final finishing operations including placement of the seat roll batt strip.

Fig. 13 is 'a view similar to Fig. 12 revealing additional cross section and indicating advanced stages of final assembly.

Fig. 14 is a side elevational view similar to Figs. l2 and 13 without sectional breakouts illustrating a completed application and tuck-in of the perimetric covering fabric.

Fig. l5 is a side elevational view of a final operation compression fixture for depressing the upholstery springs prior to securing the perimetric tuck-ius.

Fig. 16 is an enlarged elevational view of the compression fixture anvil member or nesting support shaped to accommodate a particularly shaped seat cushion product.

Fig. 17 is an inverted plan view of an article of parlor furniture with a portion of the mask fabric removed to reveal certain details in regards to cushion construction embodying the features of the present invention.

Fig. 18 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view of a seat frame angle iron frame member provided with a welded anchor strip in which are formed impaling hooks for securement of the perimetric fabric tuck-ins, and

Fig. 19 is a general perspective view of an angle iron framework base cushion construction with portions broken away to illustrate the various interior details.

Spring cushioned seat assemblies for automobile or furniture articles are conventionally built in the general manner of disposing on a firm support a plurality of steel spring helixes in coordinate rows as shown in Fig. 17 and 19. The principal supporting body of these struetures is comprised of a rectangular frame assembly which includes side members 21, front and rear members 22 and 23 and, in the case of long span articles, intervening transverse intermediate beam members 24. These various framing components are constructed under prevailing practices of angle metal, usually steel secured together at their junctures by riveting or welding. The horizontal flanges of the angle members are apertured at regularly spaced intervals and in transverse alignment whereby there may be installed through such arrangement intersecting steel joist wires or rods 25 longitudinally and 26 transversely.

The intersections and spacings of the joist wires are planned in accordance with the density of cushion spring distribution to be accommodated. At the intersection of the longitudinally and transverse wires as best shown in Fig. 8, there is afforded by suitable forming of the wires, anchorage for conical types of cushion springs 27, which may be secured to the intersecting wires 25 and 26 in any of various manners of practice which include flexible clamping or lashing such as will afford ample freedom to permit flexing of the convolutions but such as will prevent the minor convolution from drifting away from placement positions coaxial with the support wire intersecting points.

Upholstery springs such as are suitable for this use vary in shape and also in resiliency. Usually, however, there is provided a lowermost or securing convolution 29, in the particular illustration of smallest diameter,

and an uppermost convolution 31 in the particular case of largest diameter. The foremost row of upholstery springs, Figs. 17 and 19 is further modified in respect to their uppermost convolutions 31 by being eccentrically deformed as best illustrated at 32 in Figs. 8, 9, and 11. This deformation 32 is characterized by its eccentric bulge effect as well as by its angular deflection which gives to the row or alignment of springs the basic slope or foundation flare of a lip formation around which the other features which constitutes the improved seat roll construction are built up.

The uppermost convolutions 31 of the several springs, while permitted as between themselves a limited range of floating movement consistent with ideal cushion upholstery behavior, are preferably lashed together in one manner or another such as by the provision of the transverse pigtail springs 33 whereafter the entire assembly is framed in by a perimetric encircling wire 34. Consistent with the lip formation which is thus incorporated into the front row of cushion springs, the encircling wire 34 is correspondingly shaped so that it too partakes of the deformation outline when viewed in horizontal alignment with the deformations 32 as best seen in Figs. 12 and 13. In this way, the assembly of springs is exibly integrated and made to perform as a self-sufficient compression unit in readiness to receive overlays of padding and other cushioning materials which will now be described.

One of the principal advantages which Hows from the present improved teachings is its facile susceptibility of specialized sub-assembling. The overlay padding and the cushion roll elements may be prepared ready for insertion and the upholstery fabric may be fully stitched and cut in advance of application over the spring assembly. In Fig. 6 there is shownhow these several fabrics and padding layers may be attached to each other so that when they are in readiness for application over the assembled springs it is not required that these members be further worked upon as by sewing or stitching other than to lash the free ends into the impaling prongs which will be later described. The manner in which the overlay fabrics are applied onto the springassembly is best illustrated in Figs. 12 and 14'fr0m which it will be observed that the entire sub-assembly is made up of a relatively thick padding of rubber impregnated sisal mat 35 amply dimensioned to encompass and overlap beyond the perimetric wire frame as at 36 and 37, Fig. 13, at the front and rear edges and as at 38 at the sides, Fig. 19.

The rubberized impregnation of the sisal pad is a shallow surface treatment indicated by the thickness 39 which serves the purpose of anchoring the loose ends of the pad fibers so that they become relatively secured together and therefore less inclined to disintegrate as a result of wear or abrasion effects from repeated pounding and from strenuous contact with the coil convolutions 31. In the afore described preassembly of the fabric and sisal layers, there are performed two significant stitching and stapling operations which will now be discussed. The foremost edge 37 of the sisal pad is transversely stitched as at 41 near one edge of a strip of burlap 42 which later serves as a frontal panel to relieve the stretchment strains from the ornate covering 48, Fig. 16, being nailed to the nailing strip 44 as at 45 under moderate tension conditions at the same time that the ornamental fabric 48 is thereat secured.

Paralleling the stitching 41 at a predetermined distance therefrom is installed an alignment of metal stitching staples 46, see also Figs. 1, 9, 11, and 19. As will be observed from Figs. l to 5 the application of this row of stitching staples 46 secures together the sisal pad 35 with the two fabrics 47 and 48 as well as with the strip of relatively hard fiberboard edging 49. Since the fabrics 47 and 48, more about which will be discussed later, are elements which under severe conditions of wear may be subjected to rupture producing strains it is considered good practice that the two be first setup and stitched tol gether as at 51 to give to these two members an additional mutual bond.

Itv will be understood, of course that lthe length and 'width dimensions of the various sisal and fabric components which enter into the formation and construction of this assembly will vary in accordance with the furniture articles which they are particularly suited `or adapted .to serve. Consequently, when the several fabric elements are integrated by the aforedescribed stitching and stapling operations they will present -the unitary assembly seen in Fig. 6. Since -the aforedescribed manufacturing operations are characteristically and fundamentally different yfrom the general plan of furniture producingand assembly opera'tions to be performed later, it is of paramount 'significance to note at this time that an important economy results from these teachings and practices namelythat of affording material production conveniences. of appro- '-priate labor segregation. The stride of this achievement looms of major significance when considered .in terms lof production line efficiency. As a consequencey several time study operations are performed inV shorter periods because the parts are more accessible topower tool treat- Yment and also they are performed better because Vthe operato'r is enabled to obtain more complete dominion over the subassembly. i v v :The several fabric and sisal elements 35, 47, '48, and 49 are conveniently integrated by a single line of vmetal stitch staples 46. The elements are 'placed into the Vrelationship shown in Fig. 1 but in an inverted mannerover a'suitable Worktable. Thereafter, when the'slibasse'mbly is ready to be installed over the coil spring frame fit is inverted and laid upon an inclined surface '53 of 'another table which may also have a horizontal 'section 54pcut-out "or frotched at intervals to afford access by a stapling machine. The notches or cut out portions in the horizontal ,table strip 54 afford access to 'the stapling machine anvil-'55 which may on this account be .assured Valignment with the stapling hammer y56. The 'particular type 'of stpling machine which is employed for this purpose forms "no part of the present inventionand may be any of several lwell'known wire staple forming and clinching mechanisms vsuch as are commercially available.V

The spring assembly is, placed over the sisalpadding 'strip'35,`so that the front row of spring '27 allbecorne disposed after the manner illustrated in Fig. ll'with'their deilected portions 32 resting upon y"the horizontal table strip 54. 'Ihcjtable 53- 54 or the-stapling machine 55 56 are then moved with respect to each other longitudinally, either member being the movable one as may be de- By locating the-staples 58.and`-59 in relatively close to the bend of the deflected {portions 32 ltle sisal pad. 35 is Vcompelledto reside securely fin the basinf'effectwhich isproduced by the cumulative'gprole `f the deections 32 in combination 'with theirliperirnetric defining rod 34.

'When 'all of the front row rsprings have beenlthus secured to the fabric the twoare fremoved fr'ohlfthe stapling table and the various fabric panelsare doubled back to assume to the dispositions shown in Figs. 12 through 14 progressively. The fabric 47 which is preferably a heavy matching color denim and is sewn to form back and side panels 47a and 47b thereupon encompasses the spring assembly as best indicated in Fig. 19. Tension on the fabric 47 conforms the sisal edges 38 to give them roundness as shown in Figs. 12 and 13 and in addi-tion this fabric is made lto cover the filler layer 61 of cotton batting or other similarly compressible material.

The free ends of the denim fabric 47 which include the ends of the panels 47a and 47b are then brought around the angle iron frame elements 21 and 22 after the manner shown at 62 Fig. 18 and while Vthe .several springs of the assembly are subjected to a compression, see Figs. l5 and 16, these ends are impaled upon the triangular prongs 63 which are struck from` a superimposed securing strip 64` integrated as .by welding 65 or V`Fr the purpose of performing Ythe aforede'scribed tuck-in rand impalingoperations vexpeditiously and with minimum labor attendance there is utilized a compression fixture which includes the work bench 69 grooved as at 71 to afford a bedding'trough to receive the built-.up edge roll 72. The partially assembled upholstery unitI with its covered fabric applied .are placed'onthe bench 69 in an inverted position whereupon the `hydraulic ram 7'3 Y which "is controlled by a valve lever 74 is actuated downward. The rain is fitted for each different kind of operation with an `appropriate nesting `head '75 proportioned'to 'seat within the rectangular recess formed by the Several vangle-iron members 21 and 22. AWhen the .springs 27 have `been compressed suiciently to permit vthe panel 'tails to be gathered in and ,impaled as aforedescribed the compression movement of the ram 73 is arrested and the Atools remain in this position until the impaling opera- 'tion'ha's `been completed around the threefsides Where thepanels '47a and'47 b are disposed.

In 'order to give lthe seat roll adequate padding and-iny jsome instances accentuated protrusion there maybe laid in over vthe fiber strip 49, Fig. l2, adoubled over stripwadding 77 which is thenl covered by the ornate facing ,panel fabric 48 which, as has been explained,`is thereafter tacked down at 45 lalong the'nailing strip 44.

While Athe `present invention yhas been explained and Adescribed with referenceto a particular embodinientand practice it will be'understood, nevertheless, that'numerous 'variations are susceptible of yincorporation without de- :parture'from the essential spirit-or'scope thereof. It is fa'ccordingly'not intended to be limited in anunderstandingfof'the invention 'to the particular'language used' in `t`he-foregoin`g description nor to the forms illustrated in r-"the accompanying drawing vexcept as indicated in the hereunto appended claims. Y AVllaiin: 7

'1. Vrn'upholstered spring cushion construction embody- 'inga rectilinear angle iron'supporting frame, a-plurality -ofrows of compressible upholstery springs `carried upon "said-'frame in .upright parallelism,y each of said-springs having uppermost its 'maximum' diameter convolution, V:a `foremost 'rowof said springs having Ytheir uppermost con kvolutionedges deformed to present eccentri'cally extend- `ing fand upwardly angling lipdeflections to constitute krtogether a foundation upon which anru'pholstered ridge 'iis supported, la lcoverfabric,subassembly comprising a layer ofc`ompressiblehbers -tofbe superimposed upon and overly said upholstery springs, a burlapforepanel stitched -ona7line to `the'forwarrdedge of saidlayer, a-denim-fabric and a coextensive ornate "covering 'fabric W`stitched to- 'ge'therwith a .fibro'us v.strip at 1a-'predetermiued `stitch -row spaced from said first mentioned burlap stitch line, and

a seat roll padding comprising a double-over fiber strip disposed beneath said ornate fabric and over said fibrous strip Vfoundation so as to form a retainer edging.

2. An upholstered spring-cushion construction for par lor furniture embodying a rectangular supporting frame of steel angle members, a plurality of rows of compressible upholstery springs carried upon said frame,.each of said springs having uppermost a maximum diameterconvolution, the front row of said springs having their said uppermost convolutious deformed to present eccentrically extending and upwardly angling lip portions combinedly 7 arranged in longitudinal alignment, a cover fabric subassembly comprising a layer of compressible fibers to be superimposed on said upholstery springs, a burlap forepanel stitched on a line to the forward edge of said layer, a denim fabric and an ornate covering fabric stitched to a stiff fiber strip on a stitch row spaced from said first mentioned burlap stitch line, and a seat roll padding comprising a doubled-over narrow piece disposed beneath said ornate fabric and lying over said fiber strip so as to cover said lip alignment to form a retainer edging.

3. An upholstered spring cushion construction embodying a supporting frame, a plurality of rows of compressible upholstery springs carried upon said frame in upright parallellism, each of said springs having uppermost its maximum diameter convolution, a foremost row of said springs having their uppermost convolution edges deformed to present eccentrically extending and upwardly angling lip deflections to constitute together a foundation upon which an upholstered ridge is supported, a cover subassembly comprising a layer of compressible fibers to be superimposed upon and overlie said upholstery springs, a flexible forepanel stitched on a line to the forward edge of said layer, a second exible panel and a co-extensive covering stitched together with a stifening strip at a predetermined stitch row spaced from said rst mentioned stitch line, and a seat roll padding comprising a wadding strip disposed beneath said covering and over said stiffening strip foundation so as to form a retainer edging.

4. An upholstered spring cushion construction for parlor furniture embodying a supporting frame, a plurality of rows of compressible upholstery springs carried upon said frame, each of said springs having uppermost a maximum diameter convolution, the front row of said springs having their said uppermost convolutions deformed to present eccentrically extending and upwardly angling lip portions combinedly arranged in longitudinal alinement, a cover subassembly comprising a layer of compressible fibers to be superimposed upon said upholstery springs. a flexible forepanel stitched on a line to the forward edge of said layer, a second flexible panel and a covering stitched to a stiffening strip on a spaced row spaced from said first mentioned stitch line, and a seat` roll padding comprising a wadding strip disposed beneath said covering and lying over said stilfening strip so as to cover said lip alinement to form a retainer edging.

5. The combination with an upholstery frame spring assembly including a forward row of springs each having a maximum diameter convolution uppermost, the forward portion of each uppermost convolution being deformed to extend laterally beyond the body of the spring and angularly upwardly intermediate the plane of said con- `v'olution and a plane at a right angle thereto, said forward portions being connected and in longitudinal alinement and constituting a foundation for a seat roll construction, a strip of relatively firm material laid over the several forward portions of said springs, an encircling fabric stitched to one edge of said firm material, an edge roll padding overlaid on said material, and means for securing said fabric after encircling said edge roll at the front of said spring assembly.

6. The combination with an upholstery frame spring assembly including a forward row of springs each having a maximum diameter convolution uppermost, the forward portion of each uppermost convolution being deformed to extend laterally beyond the body of the spring and angularly upwardly intermediate the plane of said convolution and a plane at a right angle thereto, said forward portions being connected and in longitudinal alinement and constituting a foundation for a seat roll construction, a strip of relatively firm material laid across and secured to the several deformed forward portions of said spring coils, and a jacket fabric stitched to one edge of said firm material strip in said assembly and before said strip is secured to the spring convolutions, an edge roll padding overlaid on said strip, and anchoring means for securing said fabric after encircling the edge roll padding.

7. The combination with an upholstery frame spring assembly including a forward row of springs each having a maximum diameter convolution uppermost, the forward portions of the uppermost convolutions being connected and in longitudinal alignment and constituting a foundation for a seat roll construction, a strip of relatively tirm material laid over the several forward portions of said springs, an encircling sheet of material stitched to one edge of said firm material, an edge roll padding overlaid on said firm material, and means for securing said encircling material after encircling said edge roll at the front of said spring assembly.

8. An upholstered spring cushion construction ernbodying a supporting frame, a plurality of rows of compressible upholstery springs carried upon said frame in upright parallelism, each of said springs having uppermost its maximum diameter convolution, the forward portions of said uppermost convolutions of the foremost row of said springs being connected and in longitudinal alignment and constituting a foundation for a seat roll construction, a cover sub-assembly comprising a layer of compressible fibers to be superimposed upon and overlie said upholstery springs, a exible forepanel stitched on a line to the forward edges of said layer, a second exible panel and a coextensive covering stitched together with a stiffening strip at a predetermined stitch row spaced from said first-mentioned stitch line, and a seat roll padding comprising a wadding strip disposed beneath said covering and over said stiffening strip foundation so as to form a retainer edging.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 917,585 Glore Apr. 6, 1909 947,907 Hampton Feb. 1, 1910 1,336,525 Lang et al. Apr. 13, 1920 1,544,415 Suekolf June 30, 1925 1,557,483 Siskin Oct. 13, 1925 1,918,284 Mitchell July 18, 1933 1,926,085 Deamer et al. Sept. l2, 1933 1,931,202 McRoskey Oct. 17, 1933 1,960,585 Jacobs May 29, 1934 2,107,446 Koliba Feb. 8, 1938 2,248,917 Effenberger July 8, 1941 2,311,326 Birkin Feb. 16, 1943 2,359,047 Mitchell Sept. 26, 1944 

